Immunobiology and immunotherapy of HCC: spotlight on innate and innate-like immune cells
Soluble Membrane Assault Advanced: Biochemistry and Immunobiology
The soluble membrane assault advanced (sMAC, a.okay.a., sC5b-9 or TCC) is generated on activation of complement and accommodates the complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9 along with the regulatory proteins clusterin and/or vitronectin.
sMAC is a member of the MACPF/cholesterol-dependent-cytolysin superfamily of pore-forming molecules that insert into lipid bilayers and disrupt mobile integrity and performance. sMAC is a singular complement activation macromolecule as it’s comprised of a number of totally different subunits.
Thus far no complement-mediated perform has been recognized for sMAC. sMAC is current in blood and different physique fluids underneath homeostatic circumstances and there’s considerable proof documenting modifications in sMAC ranges throughout an infection, autoimmune illness and trauma.
Regardless of many years of scientific curiosity in sMAC, the mechanisms regulating its formation in wholesome people and its organic capabilities in each well being and illness stay poorly understood.
Right here, we assessment the structural variations between sMAC and its membrane counterpart, MAC, and look at sMAC immunobiology with respect to its presence in physique fluids in well being and illness. Lastly, we focus on the diagnostic potential of sMAC for diagnostic and prognostic functions and potential utility as a companion diagnostic.
AAV5-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-305 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: GFP control virus of AAV serotype 5. |
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AAV6-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-306 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: GFP control virus of AAV serotype 6. |
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AAV2 Null Control Virus |
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| AAV-352 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Null (empty) control virus of AAV serotype 2. |
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AAV3 Null Control Virus |
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| AAV-353 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Null (empty) control virus of AAV serotype 3. |
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AAV4 Null Control Virus |
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| AAV-354 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Null (empty) control virus of AAV serotype 4. |
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AAV5 Null Control Virus |
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| AAV-355 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Null (empty) control virus of AAV serotype 5. |
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AAV6 Null Control Virus |
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| AAV-356 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Null (empty) control virus of AAV serotype 6. |
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AAV2-Cre Control Virus |
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| AAV-310 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Cre control virus of AAV serotype 2. |
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AAV3-Cre Control Virus |
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| AAV-313 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Cre control virus of AAV serotype 3. |
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AAV4-Cre Control Virus |
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| AAV-314 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Cre control virus of AAV serotype 4. |
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AAV5-Cre Control Virus |
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| AAV-315 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Cre control virus of AAV serotype 5. |
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AAV6-Cre Control Virus |
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| AAV-316 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Cre control virus of AAV serotype 6. |
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AAV2-Luc Control Virus |
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| AAV-320 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Luciferase control virus of AAV serotype 2. |
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AAV3-Luc Control Virus |
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| AAV-323 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Luciferase control virus of AAV serotype 3. |
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AAV4-Luc Control Virus |
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| AAV-324 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Luciferase control virus of AAV serotype 4. |
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AAV5-Luc Control Virus |
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| AAV-325 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Luciferase control virus of AAV serotype 5. |
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AAV6-Luc Control Virus |
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| AAV-326 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Luciferase control virus of AAV serotype 6. |
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AAV2-LacZ Control Virus |
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| AAV-342 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: LacZ control virus of AAV serotype 2. |
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AAV3-LacZ Control Virus |
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| AAV-343 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: LacZ control virus of AAV serotype 3. |
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AAV4-LacZ Control Virus |
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| AAV-344 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: LacZ control virus of AAV serotype 4. |
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AAV5-LacZ Control Virus |
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| AAV-345 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: LacZ control virus of AAV serotype 5. |
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AAV6-LacZ Control Virus |
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| AAV-346 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: LacZ control virus of AAV serotype 6. |
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saCas9 Nuclease AAV Virus (AAV1) |
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| K208 | ABM | 2 x 250 µl, 1 x 10^9 GC/ml, Titer: 1 x 10^9 GC/ml | EUR 375 |
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Description: This AAV vector expresses the Cas9 orthologue from Staphylococcus Aureus (saCas9). saCas9 is ~1 kb shorter than spCas9, allowing it to be efficiently packaged in AAV Virus. Furthermore, the saCas9 enzyme recognizes a longer PAM sequence than spCas9, and thus has greater editing specificity.AAV has low immunogenicity and broad host range, making it an ideal choice for both in vivo and in vitro applications. Use this saCas9-expressing AAV virus with a target-specific saCas9-compatible sgRNA for highly specific and efficient genome editing. |
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scAAV1-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-331 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Self-complementary GFP control virus of AAV serotype 1. |
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scAAV2-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-332 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Self-complementary GFP control virus of AAV serotype 2. |
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scAAV3-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-333 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Self-complementary GFP control virus of AAV serotype 3. |
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scAAV4-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-334 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Self-complementary GFP control virus of AAV serotype 4. |
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scAAV5-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-335 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Self-complementary GFP control virus of AAV serotype 5. |
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scAAV6-GFP Control Virus |
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| AAV-336 | Cell Biolabs | 50 ?L | EUR 1221.6 |
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Description: Self-complementary GFP control virus of AAV serotype 6. |
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Lenti-III-UBC-GFP Control Virus |
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| LV027 | ABM | 4 x 500 ul | EUR 195 |
Lenti-III-PGK-GFP Control Virus |
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| LV028 | ABM | 4 x 500 ul | EUR 195 |
Lenti-III-EF1alpha-GFP Control Virus |
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| LV046 | ABM | 4 x 500 ul | EUR 195 |
Human Adeno Associated Virus Type 1 (AAV1) ELISA Kit |
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| MBS9376028-10x96StripWells | MyBiosource | 10x96-Strip-Wells | EUR 6725 |
Human Adeno Associated Virus Type 1 (AAV1) ELISA Kit |
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| MBS9376028-48StripWells | MyBiosource | 48-Strip-Wells | EUR 550 |
Human Adeno Associated Virus Type 1 (AAV1) ELISA Kit |
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| MBS9376028-5x96StripWells | MyBiosource | 5x96-Strip-Wells | EUR 3420 |
Human Adeno Associated Virus Type 1 (AAV1) ELISA Kit |
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| MBS9376028-96StripWells | MyBiosource | 96-Strip-Wells | EUR 765 |
pCDH-Cuo-RFP-T2A-GFP (positive control virus) |
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| QM350VA-1 | SBI | >1 x 10^6 IFUs | EUR 573 |
KRV Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412091-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
KRV Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412091-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Zika Virus Negative Control |
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| MBS412678-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 100 |
Zika Virus Negative Control |
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| MBS412678-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 305 |
Zika Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412728-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 195 |
Zika Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412728-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 730 |
Foamy Virus Negative Control |
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| MBS412663-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 100 |
Foamy Virus Negative Control |
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| MBS412663-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 305 |
Foamy Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412713-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 195 |
Foamy Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412713-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 730 |
HSV-1 Virus Control Stock |
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| 20-4810020 | Quidel | Single Use, 400 µL, shipped frozen | Ask for price |
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Description: Genetically Engineered BHK Cells |
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HSV-2 Virus Control Stock |
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| 20-4820020 | Quidel | Single Use, 400 µL, shipped frozen | Ask for price |
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Description: Genetically Engineered BHK Cells |
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Zika Virus NS1 Control Antigen |
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| BA149R01 | Genovis AB | 1 mg | EUR 947 |
Measles Virus IgG Control Serum |
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| C102G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Measles Virus IgM Control Serum |
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| C102M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Rubella Virus IgG Control Serum |
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| C129G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Rubella Virus IgM Control Serum |
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| C129M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Mouse K Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412089-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 195 |
Mouse K Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412089-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 720 |
Zika Virus NS5 Positive Control |
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| MBS543408-5Applications | MyBiosource | 5Applications | EUR 335 |
Zika Virus NS5 Positive Control |
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| MBS543408-5x5Applications | MyBiosource | 5x5Applications | EUR 1350 |
Zika Virus NS1 Positive Control |
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| MBS5400765-5Applications | MyBiosource | 5Applications | EUR 335 |
Zika Virus NS1 Positive Control |
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| MBS5400765-5x5Applications | MyBiosource | 5x5Applications | EUR 1350 |
Zika Virus NS2 Positive Control |
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| MBS5400766-5Applications | MyBiosource | 5Applications | EUR 335 |
Zika Virus NS2 Positive Control |
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| MBS5400766-5x5Applications | MyBiosource | 5x5Applications | EUR 1350 |
Zika Virus NS3 Positive Control |
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| MBS5400767-5Applications | MyBiosource | 5Applications | EUR 335 |
Zika Virus NS3 Positive Control |
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| MBS5400767-5x5Applications | MyBiosource | 5x5Applications | EUR 1350 |
Lenti-III-PGK-Luc Control Virus |
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| LV088 | ABM | 4 x 500 ul | EUR 195 |
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Control |
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| MBS568624-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 300 |
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Control |
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| MBS568624-25mL | MyBiosource | 25mL | EUR 2830 |
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Control |
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| MBS568624-5x25mL | MyBiosource | 5x25mL | EUR 12475 |
Rat Hanta Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412088-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rat Hanta Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412088-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
West Nile Virus Negative Control |
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| MBS412656-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 100 |
West Nile Virus Negative Control |
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| MBS412656-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 305 |
West Nile Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412706-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 195 |
West Nile Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412706-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 730 |
Mouse Zika Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412086-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Zika Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412086-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 645 |
Rat Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412130-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rat Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412130-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Mouse Hanta Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412087-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Hanta Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412087-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
SERION ELISA Avidity control Rubella Virus Avidity Control IgG |
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| MBS191655-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
pRedTK-CMV Virus [positive control] |
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| SR10052VA-1 | SBI | >2 x 10^6 IFUs | EUR 625 |
Mouse Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412108-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412108-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
pRedZeo-CMV Virus [positive control] |
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| SR10046VA-1 | SBI | >2 x 10^6 IFUs | EUR 625 |
Mouse Polyoma Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412112-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Polyoma Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412112-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Rat Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412129-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rat Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412129-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Rabbit Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412177-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rabbit Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412177-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Hamster Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412174-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Hamster Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412174-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
pGreenZeo-CMV Virus [positive control] |
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| SR501VA-1 | SBI | >2 x 10^6 IFUs | EUR 608 |
Mouse Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412106-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412106-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Zika Virus Human IgA Assay Control |
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| BC149A | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Zika Virus Human IgG Assay Control |
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| BC149G | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Zika Virus Human IgM Assay Control |
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| BC149M | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
pGreenZeo-mCMV Virus [negative control] |
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| SR500VA-1 | SBI | >2 x 10^6 IFUs | EUR 608 |
Mouse Ectromelia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412109-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Ectromelia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412109-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Rabbit Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412176-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rabbit Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412176-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Hamster Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412171-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Hamster Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412171-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Dengue Virus Human IgG Assay Control |
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| BC114G | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Dengue Virus Human IgM Assay Control |
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| BC114M | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Influenza A Virus IgA Control Serum |
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| C1231A | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Influenza A Virus IgG Control Serum |
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| C1231G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Influenza A Virus IgM Control Serum |
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| C1231M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Influenza B Virus IgA Control Serum |
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| C1232A | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Influenza B Virus IgG Control Serum |
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| C1232G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Influenza B Virus IgM Control Serum |
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| C1232M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Simian Virus 40 PCR Positive Control |
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| MBS412587-025mL | MyBiosource | 0.25mL | EUR 1500 |
Simian Virus 40 PCR Positive Control |
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| MBS412587-5x025mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.25mL | EUR 6545 |
Mumps Virus Nucleoprotein Control Antigen |
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| BA103R01 | Genovis AB | 1 mg | EUR 1016 |
Rat Minute Virus (RMV) Positive Control |
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| MBS412193-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rat Minute Virus (RMV) Positive Control |
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| MBS412193-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) PCR Control |
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| MBS412554-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 1500 |
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) PCR Control |
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| MBS412554-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 6545 |
Measles Virus Nucleoprotein Control Antigen |
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| BA102R01 | Genovis AB | 1 mg | EUR 1016 |
Zika Virus Protein 2K Positive Control |
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| MBS5400768-5Applications | MyBiosource | 5Applications | EUR 335 |
Zika Virus Protein 2K Positive Control |
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| MBS5400768-5x5Applications | MyBiosource | 5x5Applications | EUR 1350 |
Mumps/Parotitis Virus IgG Control Serum |
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| C103G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Mumps/Parotitis Virus IgM Control Serum |
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| C103M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Kilham Rat Virus PCR Control, Parvovirus |
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| MBS412557-025mL | MyBiosource | 0.25mL | EUR 1500 |
Kilham Rat Virus PCR Control, Parvovirus |
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| MBS412557-5x025mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.25mL | EUR 6545 |
Guinea Pig Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412175-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Guinea Pig Sendai Virus Positive Control |
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| MBS412175-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
EZ‐Seneca Valley Virus A Control Set |
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| TC-9080-096 | Tetracore | each | EUR 90 |
Chikungunya Virus Human IgG Assay Control |
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| BC148G | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Chikungunya Virus Human IgM Assay Control |
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| BC148M | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Varicella-Zoster Virus IgA Control Serum |
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| C104A | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Varicella-Zoster Virus IgG Control Serum |
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| C104G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Varicella-Zoster Virus IgM Control Serum |
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| C104M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) Positive Control |
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| MBS412105-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) Positive Control |
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| MBS412105-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) isotype control |
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| CSB-MP3838 | Cusabio | 11453 mg | Ask for price |
Parainfluenza Virus Human IgA Assay Control |
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| BC126A | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Parainfluenza Virus Human IgG Assay Control |
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| BC126G | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Guinea Pig Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412172-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Guinea Pig Pneumonia Virus Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412172-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Ectromelia Virus (Ectro) PCR Control, Poxvirus |
|||
| MBS412555-025mL | MyBiosource | 0.25mL | EUR 1500 |
Ectromelia Virus (Ectro) PCR Control, Poxvirus |
|||
| MBS412555-5x025mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.25mL | EUR 6545 |
West Nile Virus Human IgG Assay Control |
|||
| BC141G | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
West Nile Virus Human IgM Assay Control |
|||
| BC141M | Genovis AB | 1 mL | EUR 105 |
Rat Toolan’s H-1 Virus Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412090-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Rat Toolan’s H-1 Virus Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412090-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Negative Control |
|||
| MBS412680-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 100 |
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Negative Control |
|||
| MBS412680-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 305 |
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412730-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | EUR 195 |
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412730-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | EUR 730 |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgA Control Serum |
|||
| C113A | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgG Control Serum |
|||
| C113G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 IgM Control Serum |
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| C1051M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Herpes Simples Virus 2 IgM Control Serum |
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| C1052M | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Epstein-Barr Virus EA IgG Control Serum |
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| C1363G | Genovis AB | 3 mL | EUR 105 |
Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412104-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 175 |
Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) Positive Control |
|||
| MBS412104-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 645 |
Peripheral blood T lymphocytosis in thymoma: an perception into the immunobiology
Function: Peripheral blood T lymphocytosis (PBTL) is a uncommon, but poorly understood manifestations of thymoma, which is postulated to be linked with autoimmune/paraneoplastic manifestations reminiscent of myasthenia gravis (MG), pure crimson cell aplasia (PRCA), and so on.; extra generally encountered on this neoplasm.
Technique: We intention to explain the flowcytometric immunophenotypic information of PBTL in a 43-year-old male; 6 months after profitable completion of chemoradiotherapy (CT/RT) for a big, invasive, and metastatic kind B1 thymoma; and current a complete assessment of all such instances reported over final 42 years (N = 21) (1977-2019).
End result: A bigger measurement of the tumors (≥ 10 cm), presence of native invasion and/or distant metastasis, and kind B (cortical or lymphocyte wealthy) histology have been extra prone to be related to PBTL.
Tumors related to MG/PRCA (N = 9/21) are inclined to have decrease PBTL in comparison with these with out such manifestations; and PBTL subsided following thymectomy with or with out CT/RT. Immunophenotypic evaluation of PB revealed a CD8 + > CD4 + mature (naïve) polyclonal T cells resembling late cortical thymocytes.
Conclusion: Thymic intratumoral microenvironment may affect prevalence PBTL that will have a pathophysiologic hyperlink to the improvement of autoimmune manifestations. Immunophenotypic traits of peripheral blood lymphoid cells needs to be the clue for correct characterization and to keep away from a misdiagnosis of a lymphoproliferative neoplasm.
Immunobiology and immunotherapy of HCC: highlight on innate and innate-like immune cells
Immune-based therapies reminiscent of immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the systemic remedy of assorted most cancers varieties. The therapeutic utility of monoclonal antibodies concentrating on inhibitory pathways reminiscent of programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/programmed cell dying ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTLA-Four to cells of the adaptive immune system has not too long ago been proven to generate significant enchancment within the medical final result of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
However, present immunotherapeutic approaches induce sturdy responses in solely a subset of HCC sufferers. Since immunologic mechanisms reminiscent of continual irritation because of continual viral hepatitis or alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver illness play a vital position within the initiation, improvement, and development of HCC, it is very important perceive the underlying mechanisms shaping the distinctive tumor microenvironment of liver most cancers.
The liver is an immunologic organ with giant populations of innate and innate-like immune cells and is uncovered to bacterial, viral, and fungal antigens via the gut-liver axis. Right here, we summarize and spotlight the position of those cells in liver most cancers and suggest methods to therapeutically goal them.
We additionally focus on present immunotherapeutic methods in HCC and description latest advances in our understanding of how the therapeutic potential of those brokers is perhaps enhanced.
Immunobiology of Acquired Resistance to Ticks
Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods of nice significance within the medical and veterinary fields worldwide. They’re thought of second solely to mosquitos as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms that may trigger critical infectious issues, such as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis.
Laborious (Ixodid) ticks feed on host animals for a number of days and inject saliva along with pathogens to hosts throughout blood feeding. Some animal species can purchase resistance to blood-feeding by ticks after a single or repeated tick infestation, leading to decreased weights and numbers of engorged ticks or the dying of ticks in subsequent infestations. Importantly, this acquired tick resistance (ATR) can scale back the chance of pathogen transmission from pathogen-infected ticks to hosts.
That is the idea for the event of tick antigen-targeted vaccines to forestall tick infestation and tick-borne illnesses. Accumulation of basophils is detected within the tick re-infested pores and skin lesion of animals exhibiting ATR, and the ablation of basophils abolishes ATR in mice and guinea pigs, illustrating the important position for basophils within the expression of ATR.
On this assessment article, we offer a complete overview of latest advances in our understanding of the mobile and molecular mechanisms accountable for the event and manifestation of ATR, with a selected give attention to the position of basophils.
T-cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19
2019 coronavirus illness (COVID-19) presents as a newly acknowledged pneumonia and will quickly progress into acute respiratory misery syndrome which has caused a world pandemic. Till now, no healing remedy has been strongly beneficial for COVID-19 aside from customized supportive care.
T cells and virus-specific T cells are important to guard in opposition to virus an infection, together with COVID-19. Delayed immune reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) stay critical obstacles for the treatment of COVID-19.
Most COVID-19 sufferers, particularly amongst aged sufferers, had marked lymphopenia and elevated neutrophils, however T cell counts in extreme COVID-19 sufferers surviving the illness progressively restored later.
Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, significantly IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, and IL-17, and exhausted T cells are present in peripheral blood and the lungs. It means that Thymosin α1 and adoptive COVID-19-specific T cells may enhance IR whereas convalescent plasma, IL-6 blockade, mesenchymal stem cells, and corticosteroids may suppress CS.
Extra medical research on this area worldwide are urgently warranted to pave the way in which for remedy of COVID-19 sooner or later.
